1.Abstract
αβandγδTcellreceptors(TCRs)arehighlydiverseantigenreceptorsthatdefinetwoevolutionarilyconservedTcelllineages.WedescribeapopulationofγμTCRsfoundexclusivelyinnon-eutherianmammalsthatconsistofatwo-domain(Vγ-Cγ)γ-chainpairedtoathree-domain(Vμ-Vμj-Cμ)μ-chain.γμTCRswerecharacterizedbyrestricteddiversityintheVγandVμjdomainsandahighlydiverseunpairedVμdomain.CrystalstructuresoftwodistinctγμTCRsrevealedthestructuralbasisoftheassociationoftheγμTCRheterodimer.TheVμdomainsharedthecharacteristicsofasingle-domainantibodywithinwhichthehypervariableCDR3μloopsuggestsamajorantigenrecognitiondeterminant.WedefineherethemolecularbasisunderpinningtheassemblyofathirdTCRlineage,theγμTCR.
Reference:ThemolecularassemblyofthemarsupialγμTcellreceptordefinesathirdTcelllineage.Science.Mar26;():-.
2.Abstract
Neuronsarethelongest-livedcellsinourbodiesandlackDNAreplication,whichmakesthemreliantonalimitedrepertoireofDNArepairmechanismstomaintaingenomefidelity.Theserepairmechanismsdeclinewithage,butwehavelimitedknowledgeofhowgenomeinstabilityemergesandwhatstrategiesneuronsandotherlong-livedcellsmayhaveevolvedtoprotecttheirgenomesoverthehumanlifespan.Atargetedsequencingapproachinhumanembryonicstemcell-inducedneuronsshowsthat,inneurons,DNArepairisenrichedatwell-definedhotspotsthatprotectessentialgenes.ThesehotspotsareenrichedwithhistoneH2AisoformsandRNAbindingproteinsandareassociatedwithevolutionarilyconservedelementsofthehumangenome.Thesefindingsprovideabasisforunderstandinggenomeintegrityasitrelatestoaginganddiseaseinthenervoussystem.
Reference:Incorporationofanucleosideanalogmapsgenomerepairsitesinpostmitotichumanneurons.Science.Apr2;():91-94.
3.Abstract
Animalsinthewildareabletosubsistonpathogen-infectedandpoisonousfoodandshowimmunitytovariousdiseases.Thesemaybeduetotheirmicrobiota,yetwehaveapoorunderstandingofanimalmicrobialdiversityandfunction.Weusedmetagenomicstoanalyzethegutmicrobiotaofoverspeciesinthewild,coveringdiverseclasses,feedingbehaviors,geographies,andtraits.Usingdenovometagenomeassembly,weconstructedandfunctionallyannotatedadatabaseofover5,genomes,