对话刘展神经肌肉控制训练对运动损伤防护和 - 动眼神经损伤

TUhjnbcbe - 2021/5/29 20:11:00

北京荨麻疹专科医院 http://baidianfeng.39.net/bdfby/yqyy/
对话刘展keywords神经肌肉控制\体能训练\运动损伤\防护与康复此次对话发生在年6月12日，第四届中国体能高峰论坛第二会场。主讲人刘展教授。美国春田大学体育和健康系终身正教授和博士生导师；美国春田大学霍英东体育运动交流基金项目主任；国际华人体育与健康协会主席。从事专业领域：动作技能学习与神经肌肉控制运动损伤防护康复体能训练（运动控制和矫正训练）少年儿童动作和运动技能发展与评估体质、运动能力和运动表现测量和评估运动康复产业与经济发展获奖荣誉:巴克斯顿教授奖–美国春田大学健康、体育和休闲学院，-。杰出服务和贡献奖–美国运动损伤防护与康复学会麻省分会，年1月。杰出服务奖–国际华人体育运动和健康协会，年3月。美国杰出专业人才名册–美国杰出专业人才评委会，年–年。-时长约1小时20分钟，本次阅读时间大约5-8分钟-01新的概念Trainingislearning（训练是学习）–Traininginvolvesinstruction（指示）andguidance–Traininginvolvesrefining（精炼）andrelearningmovementsLearningistraining（学习同样也是训练）–Performanceimprovementinaccuracy（准确性）andconsistency（一致性）Trainingispreparationandpre-rehabilitationRehabilitation（康复）istraining–Relearningmovements–Reestablishingneuromuscular（神经肌肉的）control提出几点思考：1.Doeslearningorrelearningmotorskillsalwaysinvolveconsciousnessorawareness?2.Whatpartofthemotorskillrequiresmoreattentionandconsciouseffort?3.Whatpartofskillrequireslessattentionandconsciouseffort？WhatIsNeuromuscularControl？Themotorresponsetosensoryinformation（感觉信息）iscalledneuromuscularcontrol.Twomajorfunctions:–Protectivefunction（保护功能）–Preventativefunction（预防功能）Itisbasedonboththeclosed-andopen-loopcontrolsystemsWhyNeuromuscularControlTraining?Whyisneuromuscularcontroltrainingcriticaltosportperformance,prevention,andrehabilitation?–Tointegrateperipheralsensationsrelativetojointloads–Toprocesssignalsintocoordinatedmotorresponses

–Toconveyjointmotionandpositionsense

–Todetectjointmotionandposition

Closed-LoopControlSystem

FunctionsoftheClosed-LoopControlSystem

1.Beforethemovement,itprovidesinformationaboutinitialposition（初始位置）,orperhapstotunethespinalapparatus.2.Duringthemovement,itinvolvesmonitoringmovementerrorandmakingadjustments,orisuseddirectlyinthemodulationofmovementsreflexively.3.Afterthemovement,itisusedtodeterminethesuccessoftheresponseandcontributestomotorlearning.Closed-LoopControlSystemFeedbackControl–Regulationofmotorcontrolthroughsensoryinformationfromafferentinputandreflexpathways(反射路径）–Automaticinformationprocessingandmovementexecutionmode–Pre-structuredmuscleactivationpatterns–Associatedwithreactivemuscleactivityandposturalcontrol–LesspredictedsensoryfeedbackforadjustmentsOpenLoopControlSystem（开环控制系统）Feed-forwardControl“EfferenceCopy”–Planningmovementsbasedonsensoryinformationfrom“motormemory”–Utilizingadvancedinformationfrompastexperience(knowledge)–Preprogramsmuscleactivationpatternsandmovementexecutionmode–Responsibleforpreparatorymuscleactivityandcontrolledprocessingactivity–Predictedsensoryforadjustments–Example:Landingfromajump,“landontheballsofthefeet,bendknees,andsitback.”SelectionandinitiationofVoluntarymovements:Cortex（大脑皮层）??BasalGanglia（基底神经节）??Thalamus（丘脑）??CortexLoopCortextoCerebellum（小脑）Loop:Smoothexecutionofvoluntarymulti-jointmovementsandpropersequenceofoutputEfferenceCopy–aninternalcopyofanefferent,movement-producingsignalgeneratedbythemotorsystemthatenablesa